Individual heating in the apartment - gas or electric?

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Many residents of high-rise buildings are thinking about individual heating in their apartments. But not everyone turns their ideas into actions, because refurbishment of an apartment requires patience and perseverance when going through various authorities and collecting special documents.

An autonomous heating system can guarantee you stable heating of your home during the cold season. You will not depend on scheduled / unscheduled inspections of the heating system with warm water turned off. In addition, you will have the opportunity to rationally use energy and save a little.

If you believe statistical data, installing individual heating in an apartment saves the owner’s money by 2 times, and when heating liquids, by 3 times compared to the usual expenses for centralized services.

Advantages

Frequent reasons why people decide to install an autonomous heating system are:

1. Heating quality. Not all residents of an apartment building may be satisfied with the temperature level in the premises and discomfort in the off-season.
2. I would like to independently control the supply of thermal energy.
3. There is an opportunity to save on utility bills.

How to make individual heating in an apartment? You will have to dismantle the old pipes and batteries, install new ones and connect them to the heating boiler.

Boiler equipment will heat the water and drive it through all the pipes. Thus, the apartment will be filled with warmth. Hot water can also be connected to the boiler.

Individual gas heating in an apartment with a turbocharged boiler

Gas or electric heating?

When planning an autonomous heating system, it is worth deciding on the type of equipment: gas or electric. We are talking about the system of the boiler itself, because the heating of the apartment is still carried out by the liquid that circulates through the pipes. The unit only heats the water using gas or electricity.

Of course, gas heating units are more popular.

They are chosen because:

1. They are economical, because gas is the cheapest type of energy carrier.
2. Available in floor-mounted and wall-mounted versions. All models are quite compact.
3. Individual does not require connection to the power supply network. If the electricity goes out, the apartment will still remain warm.
4. Such units are highly efficient; one boiler can handle the heating of a large apartment.

The selection and installation of gas equipment requires a responsible approach. Gas is dangerous, so to avoid possible troubles, it is better to seek help from professionals; they will install all the equipment correctly.

If your house basically does not have the possibility of supplying gas, then it is worth considering individual electric heating in the apartment. It has the following advantages:

• low cost of the boiler itself;
• safety;
• simple maintenance;
• environmental friendliness, because the equipment does not emit foreign odors and does not make noise during operation.

The only downside is that when installing such a unit, electricity charges logically increase. In addition, the apartment needs good wiring that can withstand high voltages. Power outages deprive homes of quality heating.

These are the main pros and cons of an apartment with individual heating. Before making the final decision to convert your heating system, read reviews on the Internet and consider all the pros and cons.

Single-circuit or double-circuit boiler?

Heating units are divided into single- and double-circuit. The first ones are intended only for heating, but if desired, you can connect a boiler and heat water for the kitchen and bathroom.

The latter, in addition to heating, also heat water for domestic needs. This function is performed by a built-in heat exchanger. New units can have either one or two heat exchangers.

If there is only one exchanger, but when the liquid heats up, the heating is turned off. This is not always convenient, namely in the cold season. At the same time, the two exchangers operate separately and do not depend on each other. At the same time, both water and the apartment can be heated.

Documents for collection

In order to find out whether it is possible to install individual heating in an apartment, you need to contact the interdepartmental commission, which is responsible for the use of the housing stock, and collect installation permits.

You will have to collect the following documents:

1. Write a request to install autonomous heating.
2. Get approval from all apartment owners.
3. Minutes of the meeting of all residents of the apartment building with consent to installation.
4. Title documents for housing.
5. Apartment registration certificate with a copy.
6. In the case where the house is considered an architectural monument, it is necessary to obtain an opinion from the relevant authority on the legality and possible refurbishment.

An individual heating system in an apartment involves collecting various technical documentation, including a project for apartment redevelopment and copies of documentation for the purchase of a boiler.

To collect all the necessary papers, you will have to show perseverance and perseverance, visit many services and organizations. When a decision is made to purchase an electric boiler, an application for permission should be written to the city electrical networks. Installation of gas equipment is coordinated with the city gas service. The technicians will check the apartment, as well as the serviceability of the smoke exhaust ducts.

Only the city heating network can allow turning off central heating. The new project for organizing the apartment will be handled by a design organization. In addition, project documents are coordinated with the sanitary-epidemiological service and fire protection authorities.

After collecting all the permitting papers, you can begin purchasing equipment and concluding contracts with specialists who will quickly and reliably organize individual heating in the apartment. But this is not the end. After all installation work, you will need to obtain an acceptance certificate.

Which radiators to choose?

Sectional radiators are best suited for organizing autonomous heating. The length of the radiator depends on the quality of the heat output of one section.

Heat transfer, in turn, depends on the material from which it is made. One section of, say, produces 110 Watts of heat - 85 Watts, a design of - 175-199 Watts. In this case it is 199 watts.

To calculate the area that is heated by one section with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, divide the section’s thermal output by 100. Let’s say a cast iron battery section heats 1.1 m².

Depending on the size of the room, you can calculate the number of sections for radiators.

Installation of an autonomous system

Have you decided to organize individual heating in your apartment yourself?

Then, after you have collected all the necessary documents and decided on the energy source, you need to select a boiler based on power.

How is heating consumption calculated? This is done at the rate of 100 W per 1 m² of area. Usually this is quite enough. After all, even a corner apartment has many common walls with its neighbors, through which heat does not escape.

The wiring diagram may be different depending on the size of the apartment. For small areas, a single-pipe “Leningrad” may be enough; for larger ones, a classic two-pipe system with bottom wiring.

Remember that in apartment conditions, only mounted gas or electric boilers may be suitable for you, which already have a circulation pump, and in some cases, an expansion tank. Therefore, the system will be closed with forced circulation.

In addition to developing a new project, the documents should have a section showing the dismantling of the old system.

It is necessary to disassemble and dispose of radiators and connections to them. The risers that pass through the apartment are prohibited from touching. Instead of the cut one, a straight section of pipe must be welded. The risers require thermal insulation.

The new autonomous heating scheme should include the installation of thermostatic batteries at the input.

The type of gas boiler depends on the presence of smoke exhaust ducts. If they are present, then you can purchase a regular boiler with an open combustion chamber.

It is prohibited to connect the boiler to exhaust ventilation shafts. In the absence of smoke ducts, only a turbocharged heat generator with a closed firebox and for exhausting gases through the wall is suitable.

Autonomous heating has its own characteristics. It takes a lot of time and effort to collect documents and various permits, and there is no guarantee that you will be able to get everything. At the same time, such heating, done by yourself, will significantly reduce utility costs.

The price for installing an autonomous heating system depends on the size of the housing, the choice of materials, boiler equipment, pipes, as well as the heating circuit (one- or two-pipe). The complexity and volume of work plays a role. However, remember that your efforts will not be in vain.

For many apartment owners, the issue of heating in winter becomes an acute problem.

As experience shows, centralized heating is no longer justified, since either the equipment is old and simply “does not work”, or the tariffs are unreasonably high.

Is it possible to have autonomous heating in an apartment? Autonomous heating of an apartment in an apartment building is today's reality, but before you decide to install a gas boiler or install a heated floor, you should find out how legal it is, and what system will be cost-effective and reliable.

Read the article on how to make autonomous heating in an apartment.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building

Is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment with your own hands? Although there is no legal ban on autonomous heating, it is still It is advisable to consult a lawyer, since some heating systems are prohibited. For example, water heated floors cannot be installed in apartments because they can overload the system, thus depriving other residents of the house of heat.

In other cases, you need to collect the necessary documents and present them to local authorities:

• registration certificate for housing;
• application for refusal of central heating;
• title deed;
• diagram of a new heating system;
• consent of all apartment residents.

As a rule, such a seemingly simple request as abandoning central heating and switching to providing heat itself turns out to be a lengthy bureaucratic problem.

Even bigger troubles will be installing autonomous heating in an apartment without the appropriate permission. This can result not only in a large fine, but also in court proceedings, so before you decide to equip your apartment with any heating systems, you need to get advice from the relevant authorities and permission for autonomous heating in the apartment.

Schemes for autonomous heating of an apartment:

Advantages and disadvantages

If permission has already been obtained for autonomous heating in an apartment building, then you can begin choosing an alternative type of heat. This is easier to do if you know the pros and cons of autonomous heating in the apartment.

For the first time, an autonomous apartment heating system appeared in Europe. Due to its clear advantages over centralized methods of heating rooms, it quickly spread throughout the world.

Advantages:

1. The main advantage of the system is significant cost savings. The owner of the apartment independently decides when to turn on and when to turn off the heating. For example, today there are thermostats in which you can set a timer for a certain time, which allows you to either completely or partially turn off the system when no one is home, and turn it on half an hour before the residents arrive.
2. The owner of the apartment can create the desired microclimate in each room.
3. Pay exclusively according to the heating meter and do not depend on utility companies and government tariffs.

When making a choice in favor of alternative heat, you need to find out in advance how much autonomous heating in an apartment costs, and what type of heating will be not only economical, but also effective.

Among the disadvantages of such a system, the following nuances can be noted:

1. Regular preventative checks are required once a year, for which you need to call a specialist. This is not that expensive, but still many users either ignore this need or simply forget about it.
2. When installing even the best heating radiators for an apartment, you should remember possible heat loss, which are often caused by external walls, unheated rooms below or poor-quality glazing.

Today, many construction organizations are building residential apartment buildings with ready-made autonomous heating systems. Such housing is in great demand, as it is somewhat cheaper and allows owners to independently decide which type of heating to choose.

Gas heating

As a rule, apartment owners face a choice between two types of alternative heat sources:

1. Designs based on a gas boiler.
2. Electric heating systems.

Gas heating has a number of advantages:

When installing new heating, the old system must be dismantled. It is easier and cheaper to install new radiators than to try to fit old ones to it. Although modern gas boilers have the highest degree of protection, gas leakage is still possible.

Selection of pipes, boiler and radiators

The operation of the entire system depends on the correct choice of boiler.

They are:

• single-circuit;
• double-circuit.

For example, if you need to install a boiler to heat water, then you can get by with a single-circuit gas boiler.

When choosing gas heating, it is better to purchase a boiler made of cast iron or special durable metal. Although they are heavy, they will last much longer.

But the pipes for such a heating system polypropylene or metal-plastic are suitable, as a budget option, and copper, if your wallet allows it.

Radiators will also have to be decided in advance. Today, they have gained great popularity among consumers bimetallic heating radiators.

Which ones are actually better for an apartment can be determined by the amount of heat transfer, for example:

• cast iron batteries deliver 110 W;
• aluminum – 199 W of heat;
• steel up to 85 W;
• bimetallic - 199 W.

Before purchasing radiators, you need to calculate in advance how many sections will be needed for each room. To do this, the heat transfer of the material must be divided by 100. For example, for a bimetallic radiator it is 199 W/100, which equals 1.99 W per 1 m2.

There are several nuances that should be taken into account when choosing radiators and calculating their quantity:

Having made all the calculations and adding to them the cost of the most autonomous gas heating system, you can decide on its purchase, or you can compare these figures with electric types of heating.

Electric heating

If you choose electricity as a heat source, you can choose:

• on an electric boiler;
• cable underfloor heating system;
• on an infrared film field;
• on a heat pump.

An electric boiler is installed in the same way as a gas boiler, but everything is simplified by the fact that it does not require a chimney or ventilation system.

Warm floors, especially heating mats and film systems, have long won the hearts of many consumers. They are a worthy alternative to centralized heating, and with a high-quality thermostat they can significantly save money during their operation.

The operation of heat pumps is based on pumping air from the street and heating it. Modern air conditioners are also capable of providing the necessary amount of heat to all rooms in the apartment, but, as consumer reviews indicate, it is heated floors that make it possible to create truly comfortable conditions.

Modern city apartments have everything you need for a comfortable stay: heating, sewerage, water supply and sanitation. From the point of view of design features, a centralized heating system is convenient. But there are also disadvantages that encourage people to look for alternative ways to heat a room during the cold season.

Is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment?

Residents of apartment buildings often think about giving up government heat. But is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment?

To do this, the state must issue a number of permits. The arrangement of individual heating in the apartment is regulated nearby laws and regulations:

• Federal Law “On Heat Supply”;
• Articles 26 and 27 of the Housing Code;
• Government Decree No. 307.

The complexity of the situation is that permission for individual heating in an apartment can only be obtained with the consent of local authorities. The opinions of neighbors are also taken into account, and these are tens and hundreds of people. Municipalities meet residents halfway if they refer to Federal legislation and present arguments for the need to connect individual heating.

What makes residents take this step?

Every time heating tariffs increase, a number of residents think about switching to autonomous heating. Despite the considerable expenses for carrying out such a housing reconstruction, the money invested will be returned in a short time.

But, besides inflated tariffs, there are other reasons for switching to autonomous heating:

• unreasonably high cost of space heating services;
• heating is of poor quality, it is not enough to maintain a comfortable temperature in the home in cold weather;
• the need to use additional heat sources, which increases the cost of services;
• due to the inconvenient location of the apartment, more heat is required (for example, the apartment is corner or located on the ground floor);
• dependence on the timing of the beginning and end of the heating season. In the fall, residents freeze, and in the spring they suffer from the heat and at the same time also pay for the service;
• the need to maintain a comfortable room temperature at any convenient time;
• the desire to pay only for the heat actually consumed;
• if you need to leave the city, the autonomous heating is simply turned off, without having to pay for a service that you did not use.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual heating

The procedure for switching to autonomous heating has both advantages and disadvantages. It is worth considering them in more detail in order to weigh the pros and cons and make a decision.

Advantages:

• Saving. Residents who switched to autonomous gas heating claim that their costs for heating their apartments have decreased by about 7 times;
• Independence from the established dates for the beginning and end of the heating season;
• The ability to set the desired mode and adjust the temperature at your discretion. Modern systems allow you to set time periods in the settings when the temperature in the room will drop (for example, everyone is at school or at work), and when it will rise by several degrees (in the evening, at night, when all the residents of the house). This allows you to save additional money;
• Uninterrupted supply of hot water;
• Possibility to choose any batteries, since there is no possibility of water hammer.

TO shortcomings include the following:

• High cost of equipment;
• Dependence of modern equipment on power supply;
• The need to install a new heating circuit;
• The need for a suitable exhaust duct.

Getting permission

To obtain permission to install individual heating in a room, contact the district administration, in particular, the interdepartmental commission responsible for the use of the housing stock. Authorized employees review the sanction and provide a response within one and a half months after the date of application. There you can also get a list of required documents.

It is worth noting that obtaining a permit varies depending on what type of autonomous heating you choose: electric or gas.

At transition to electric individual heating is sufficient:

• Submit an application to refuse centralized heating;
• Obtain consent from authorized bodies;
• Submit a written request for the installation of autonomous heating in the apartment to the district network office.

For arrangement gas boiler a number of requirements must be met:

• Submit an application to the gas industry;
• Contact the fire department to obtain a document confirming the serviceability of the ventilation and chimney;
• Obtain written permission from neighbors to install individual heating in the apartment. This is important for the reason that the refusal of a number of residents from centralized heating leads to failures in the system;
• It is necessary to find out who owns the pipes and batteries. If the landlord is responsible for their serviceability, you will need to seek permission from the residents. If they are managed by public services, an application is submitted requesting their deactivation;
• Contact the city heating network to obtain permission to draw up and approve an individual heating scheme.

Having received permission and certificates in hand, they proceed to dismantling the old system and installing individual heating in the apartment. In practice, it takes from 3 to 6 months to complete documents and obtain permission.

The gas utility may refuse to install a boiler if the technical characteristics of the system are not designed to provide the required pressure. In this case, pay attention to other heating sources.

The gas industry is provided with a technical passport and a diagram indicating the location of the boiler installation. After approval of the boiler chosen for installation and after the terms of its installation have been discussed, you can proceed directly to the installation of the individual heating system.

Only employees of gas supply companies have the right to connect individual heating in an apartment. They also have the appropriate permit for such work. It is not recommended to install the system yourself to avoid litigation.

Required documents

Installing your own heating system refers to the refurbishment of a living space. List of required papers includes the following:

• An application drawn up in a special form;
• Documents establishing the right to own housing: state registration certificate, deed of transfer of ownership, gift agreement, document on the right of inheritance, etc.;
• If the apartment is in shared ownership, certified copies for each owner, and a statement with signatures of all owners;
• A copy of the technical passport of the premises;
• In the case of municipal housing, the consent of family members of the tenant and residents of the apartment building is required. The document is drawn up in the form of minutes of a meeting of apartment owners;
• If the house is of architectural or historical value, contact the body responsible for the protection of architectural monuments, which issues a conclusion on the possibility of redevelopment.

In addition to the above, we also provide technical documentation:

• Redevelopment project for installing a gas boiler. Includes gasification of the premises and changes to the central heating system;
• A copy of the passport for the electric boiler;
• An agreement confirming the permission of the maximum power that exceeds the capabilities of the boiler (electric);
• Specifications for disconnecting the wiring in the apartment from the communal heating system;
• Specifications for ventilation;
• Specifications for supplying gas networks.

So, where can a tenant get the necessary documents? Collecting the required certificates can take a lot of time and effort, since you will have to contact various organizations:

• To obtain permission to disconnect an apartment from the centralized heating system, contact the city heating network. The organization issues a refusal if the removal of radiators will lead to a malfunction of equipment in neighboring apartments;
• To obtain specifications for the installation of a gas installation, the gas service provides it. Contact the district housing office;
• The design organization is contacted for a refurbishment plan. The document should contain information about the future system, technical solutions, calculations;
• Next, it is necessary to coordinate the redevelopment project with the organizations from which the specifications were received, with the fire service and the SES authorities.

The end of the official registration of the installation of autonomous heating will be the receipt of an acceptance certificate. The document is obtained when all work on the installation of the new system is completed.

Installation sequence

Some residents refuse central heating in an apartment building. Those wishing to install individual heating will have to comply with premises requirements established by law:

• Room parameters: area - from 4 sq. m., ceiling height - from 2.5 m.;
• The door size is at least 80 cm wide;
• The room must have a natural source of light, at least 1 window;
• It is prohibited to place heating devices or a gas stove near the boiler. The minimum distance between them is from 30 cm;
• The boiler is installed only on a load-bearing wall;
• To mount the heater on the wall, select a place. The distance from the floor is at least one and a half meters.

When carrying out individual heating, you must follow the instructions for handling the units. Gas boilers are installed only by gas service workers.

In practice, it is possible to carry out individual heating with your own hands, but only at the final stage. This includes installing radiators and connecting pipes. But the installation of the boiler, installation of auxiliary equipment, supply of gas and laying of risers is entrusted to gas service workers or specialists who have been accredited by them.

After the individual heating system is installed, it is checked for leaks. The recommended method (but also dangerous) is to fill the system with coolant. If there is a leak, the consequences are immediately eliminated. Most leaks occur at the junctions of radiator sections or pipes.

How is the heating fee calculated for individuals?

According to the ruling of the Constitutional Court, adopted on December 20, 2018, the Government of the Russian Federation approved a new procedure for calculating heating costs, starting from December 28, 2018.

The resolution applies to 2 categories of homeowners: those who have installed individual heating meters and individual heating boilers. Previously, the law did not provide for the calculation of payment for heat if not all owners in the apartment building had heat meters.

Now the owner will pay separately for personally consumed heat and separately for heating common property, including basements, entrances, etc. Payment for the total heat consumed will be made according to the share in the common property.

According to the adopted amendments to the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners No. 354, changes were also made to the Housing Code. They oblige the readings of individual heat meters to be taken into account when calculating heating fees.

So, all owners of apartment buildings who want to install individual heating need not worry about increased tariffs and unfair redistribution of heat payments.

Connection cost

To install autonomous heating, you need to raise a considerable amount. The cost consists of the following components:

• apartment size;
• selected materials;
• selected boiler;
• pipes;
• heating scheme: single-pipe or two-pipe.

For example, to install individual heating in an apartment in Moscow, you will have to spend at least 2,000 USD. e. The complexity and volume of work is taken into account.

But, subsequently, savings in paying for housing and communal services will cover the costs. In the long term, you can create the desired comfort in your apartment for less money.

Residents of apartment buildings often dream of individual heating for their apartment. The realization of this dream is quite possible, but it requires patience and perseverance in going through all the authorities for collecting documents for housing reconstruction.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building allows you to avoid heat problems in winter. You can maintain the desired temperature in the room throughout the year and not depend on “planned” (and “unplanned”) hot water outages. The consumer receives as much heat as he needs. This makes it possible to use energy resources in the most rational way and save a lot of money.

Statistics show that savings double and triple when heating water. Accordingly, a particular consumer spends two to three times less money on heating than with a centralized system, and his costs for hot water supply are reduced by three to five times.

Where to begin

Let's start with the legal framework. It is necessary to clearly know what the legislation says about disconnecting from the central heating system and installing an individual one. Often the local administration, citing Art. 190 Federal Law, refuses residents. In court, such a refusal will be considered unfounded. In Russian legislation, in addition to Federal Law No. 190 “On Heat Supply,” there is Government Decree No. 307 dated April 16, 2012, which considers procedure for connecting heat supply systems. It specifies a list of individual sources of thermal energy that do not meet certain requirements and are for this reason prohibited for installation in apartment buildings.

This means that the law does not prohibit the use of individual heating using modern heating boilers that meet the specified requirements. This issue has been considered more than once by courts of general jurisdiction. Refusal of local governments based on Art. 14 Federal Law “On Heat Supply”, is declared illegal.

Required documents

Thus, in order to refuse the central heating service and switch to individual heating, you need to collect a package of documents in accordance with Art. 26 Residential Complex of the Russian Federation about the reconstruction of residential premises.

The package of documents includes:

• application for reorganization;
• technical passport of the premises;
• title documents for housing (originals or copies certified by a notary);
• residential renovation project,
• consent of all family members, submitted in writing;
• conclusion of the authorities for the protection of architectural monuments on the possibility of reconstructing the premises.

Documentation for gas heating

The management company, after reviewing the application, provides a letter of permission to disconnect your apartment from central heating. This letter is necessary to order technical conditions (TU) for the installation of individual heating. If you plan to connect gas (install a gas boiler), you must address contacting the gas service.

Technical specifications are issued within ten days. In case of refusal due to lack of “technical possibility”, keep in mind that such a response is only permissible in regions where there is no gas and it is not possible to purchase it in cylinders.

After purchase certified boiler you should contact the design organization. She will prepare a project for installing a boiler, taking into account technical conditions and capabilities.

Then a project is made to disconnect from central heating in the heat supply organization. The basis for this will be letter from the HOA with permission to disconnect. It is important to receive a written response. In case of disagreement, it will be possible to go to court.

Having received the project documentation, we go with it to the local branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Firefighting Society (VDPO). There you are given fire safety act project. If necessary, a design is made for the chimney.

Then all documentation is approved by the administration. The conclusion on approval (or refusal) is made within 45 calendar days. Refusal to renovate the premises occurs on the basis of Art. 27 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (case of failure to submit all documents). The refusal can also be appealed in court.

This is the basic diagram of how to prepare a project and legalize the transition to autonomous heating. The list of all documents may differ in different regions. More accurate information will be given to you directly at your district administration.

How to make a calculation

will hold if the heating system is installed correctly. To do this, it is necessary to accurately make all calculations, which will depend on room area(S) and from boiler power (W) per 10 m². It is also necessary to take into account the climatic features of the region. For example, for the Moscow region the power density ranges from one to one and a half kW; in the northern regions - from one and a half to two kW; in the southern regions - from 0.7 to one kW.

The power of the heating boiler is calculated using the formula: cat. = S W beat / 10. This simple calculation will help you choose the boiler you need for your apartment.

Heating calculations also depend on the design and type of heating system. The best option for an apartment is a two-pipe system. It is more complex and more expensive than single-pipe, but the quality of heating will be higher. All batteries, from the first to the last, will heat up evenly. Single pipe system Only suitable for a small number of radiators.

Boiler selection

Having decided on the equipment power required for a particular room, we move on to choosing the type of boiler. He can be single-circuit(for heating only) or double-circuit(heating + hot water supply).

Next, we decide on the type of fuel. The bulk of the expenses will go towards it. There are boilers single fuel(working on one type of fuel, for example, gas boilers or electric boilers) and combined type(combine operation on different types of fuel, for example, gas and electricity, or gas, liquid fuel and electricity).

The last thing that must be taken into account when choosing a boiler is the material of its manufacture, which affects the service life of the equipment. Often boilers are made of steel or cast iron. They are quite heavy, which makes them difficult to install, but they have a long service life.

Individual heating with gas is the most popular, since gas today is the most cheap type of fuel. A gas wall-mounted boiler with a closed combustion chamber, according to experts, is the best option for home heating. It has a horizontal chimney system, thanks to which flue gases escape to the street.

The advantages of gas heating include:

• multi-level security system;
• Possibility of use in a small apartment, since the boiler takes up little space;
• silent operation;
• maintaining the required room temperature, regardless of gas pressure;
• affordable price.

Heating an apartment with electricity can be either the main or additional heating method. The system is easy to install and easy to use, taking up little space. Boiler installation and pipes are affordable. Electric boilers are divided into floor and wall.

Heating with electricity is less in demand than heating with gas, but it is believed that in the near future this type of fuel will become the most popular. Electric boilers have their advantages:

• noiselessness;
• hygiene;
• compliance with technical and aesthetic requirements;
• efficiency;
• efficiency;
• the ability to select the desired mode for each room.

Pipe selection

Today's popular polypropylene pipes cannot always be installed in an individual heating system. Operating temperature of polypropylene - no more than 95 °C. For solid fuel boilers, the outlet temperature of the coolant reaches more than 100°C. Therefore, if a solid fuel boiler is used for heating, then metal pipes will be the best option.

The number of pipes is affected by the wiring diagram. A two-pipe system will require more material than a one-pipe system.

The nuances of choosing heating pipes are discussed in this article:

Selection of radiators

The most suitable option for autonomous heating is sectional batteries. The length of the radiator is affected heat transfer quality of one section, which, in turn, depends on the material of manufacture. One cast iron section, for example, produces 110 watts of heat, steel - 85 watts, aluminum - from 175 to 199 watts, the heat output of one section of bimetallic radiators is 199 watts.

To calculate the area heated by one section with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, you need divide the heat transfer rate of the section by 100. For example, a section of a cast iron battery heats 1.1 m². Depending on the size of the room, you can calculate the number of sections for the radiator.

Nuances that may be present when calculating the number of sections in a room:

• in a corner room or one with access to a balcony, 2-3 sections are added;
Radiators are installed and pipes are supplied. All other actions (installation of the boiler, installation of auxiliary equipment, gas supply, laying of risers) are best left to professionals.

After installing the heating system, it is necessary to check it for leaks. The most reliable, but also risky way to do this is fill the system with coolant. If the system is made incorrectly, a leak will occur, which will require eliminating its consequences. Leaks are mainly located in places section connections radiator or pipes.

Price issue

The cost of installing an individual heating system depends on the size of the apartment, the choice of materials, boiler, pipes, and heating scheme (one-pipe or two-pipe). So, for example, in Moscow you will have to pay for the transition to individual heating at least 2000 USD It all depends on the complexity and volume of work.

So, installing an autonomous heating system will significantly save money when paying for housing and communal services. At the same time, for less money you can create the greatest comfort in your apartment.

Anton Tsugunov

Reading time: 5 minutes

Many people do not even suspect that it is possible to install individual heating in an apartment, as well as in a private house. However, for some apartment owners, the heating issue is so acute that they are seriously considering this option. Let's find out how realistic this is, what permits will be required and which autonomous heating system to prefer.

What makes residents of high-rise buildings think about abandoning central heating and connecting to an autonomous heating system? There are many reasons for this:

• unreasonable cost of utility bills;
• poor-quality heating, which cannot cope with maintaining a comfortable temperature in the home during the cold season without the use of additional heat sources;
• unfavorable location of the apartment, requiring more heat - corner room, first floor;
• dependence on the established dates for the beginning and end of the heating season, causing one to freeze in the fall and suffer from the heat in the spring;
• the need to maintain the desired temperature at any time, paying money only for actual heat consumption.

Advantages and disadvantages of independent heating

To understand whether it makes sense to abandon the central heating supply in favor of an autonomous one, it is worth weighing all the pros and cons of a separate option.

Advantages:

• Significant savings. According to reviews from owners who have switched to autonomous gas heating, the cost of heating an apartment is reduced by 6–7 times.
• Complete independence from the start and end of the heating season.
• The ability to adjust the temperature at your discretion. Some systems allow you to set the desired mode, in which the heating intensity changes at specified intervals. For example, when all family members are at work or school, the temperature drops by several degrees, and in the evening it rises again. This allows you to further increase your savings.
• Uninterrupted supply of hot water.
• Free choice of radiators. Any batteries are suitable for an individual system, since there is no possibility of water hammer.

Flaws:

• High cost of equipment.
• Dependence of modern boiler models on power supply.
• The need to install a new heating circuit.
• In many cases, there is a need to install a suitable exhaust duct.

You can learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment in a multi-storey building from the owners’ words by watching the video.

What is autonomous heating?

The transition to individual heating of an apartment involves abandoning the use of a common building heating system and dismantling the radiators and pipes associated with it. Instead, new lines and batteries are installed, which are connected to the heater. Two types of installations are traditionally used in apartments - gas and electric boilers. The principle of operation of the device is simple: it increases the temperature of the water and forces it to circulate through the system, heating the room in the desired mode.

Boiler types

All devices can also be divided into two types:

• single-circuit – working exclusively for heating;
• double-circuit – additionally providing hot water supply.

Depending on the installation method, heating boilers can be wall-mounted (as in the next photo) or floor-mounted. The former are more popular due to their compactness and lower price. The latter have greater power and a long service life.

Electric boilers

Installations powered by electricity are affordable and have a high level of safety. They can be installed anywhere in the apartment. Unfortunately, such a unit is not suitable for a house with old wiring due to the risk of constantly knocking out plugs.

Gas boilers

Gas appliances are more expensive, but they last a long time and quickly pay for themselves during operation, since they use a cheaper source of energy. A gas-powered heater has a special combustion chamber and a smoke exhaust system to avoid any inconvenience to the residents of the apartment.

The choice of boiler depends on many conditions, including the size of the home, so its choice must be approached very responsibly.

Advice. It is believed that to heat a standard room with a three-meter high ceiling and an area of ​​10 m2, 1 kW of heating boiler power is needed. To calculate the required resource of a heating device, divide the area of ​​the room by 10.

Heating scheme

District heating uses a single-pipe scheme, which is inferior in efficiency. The single-pipe system is used only for a small number of radiators in situations where savings are needed.

The optimal choice for individual heating is a two-pipe scheme. It has the following advantages:

• use of pipes and fittings of smaller diameter;
• high pressure stability in the system;
• the possibility of installing automatic flow regulators on all batteries, which will operate without compromising the heating of others;
• independent connection of each heating section, allowing it to be removed for maintenance or gaining access to the niche during repairs.

Is it legal to install an individual heating system?

There are many disputes and lawsuits on the legality of autonomous heat supply equipment in a separate apartment. It all started with the fact that in 2010 the Government of the Russian Federation banned the disconnection from the general heat supply and the transfer to individual heating systems, forcing many people to give up. However, already in 2012, a new resolution was adopted regarding the procedure for connecting heating systems. It provides a list of heat sources that are prohibited for use in apartments. This list does not include modern certified heating boilers. Consequently, the legislation does not prohibit the installation of your own heating, and all restrictions relate only to the technical characteristics of heating devices.

This does not mean that the owner of the premises can freely install individual heating. Before refurbishing, you must obtain permission from the local government. If the administration refuses to issue it on the basis of Art. 14 of the Federal Law “On Heat Supply”, you can safely go to court, since such a refusal is illegal.

How to get permission

For permission to install autonomous heating, they contact the district administration, or rather, the interdepartmental commission responsible for the use of the housing stock. No later than a month and a half later, officials give an official response. From the administration you can get a list of papers that need to be provided to obtain permission.

Sample list of documents

Since installing your own heating system refers to the refurbishment of a residential premises, the list will include:

• an application drawn up in a special form;
• documents establishing the right to own housing: state registration certificate, deed of transfer of ownership, gift agreement, document confirming the right of inheritance (originals or copies certified by a notary);
• certified copies for each owner and a statement signed by all owners (if the apartment is in shared ownership);
• a copy of the technical passport of the premises;
• consent of family members of the tenant and residents of the apartment building, documented in the form of minutes of the meeting of apartment owners (if the area is municipal);
• conclusion of the body responsible for the protection of architectural monuments, historical or cultural heritage on the possibility of redevelopment (if the house is an architectural, cultural or historical value).

The most difficult thing will be to prepare and provide technical documentation. These include:

• redevelopment project for the installation of a gas boiler, including gasification of the premises and changes to the central heating system;
• a copy of the passport for the electric boiler, technical conditions, agreement confirming the permission of the maximum power, which exceeds the capabilities of the boiler (when choosing an electric heating device);
• Specifications for disconnecting the wiring in the apartment from the communal heating system;
• Specifications for ventilation;
• Specifications for supplying gas networks.

Where to get the necessary documents

Collecting the required papers can take a lot of time and effort, because you will have to contact many services and organizations.

1. For permission to disconnect your apartment from the general heating system, go to the city heating network. A refusal can be obtained only in one case: if the removal of radiators leads to disruption of the operation of equipment in neighboring apartments.
2. Specifications for installation of a gas installation are provided by the gas service. To receive them, you need to go to the district housing office, from where a letter with the request is sent to the department.
3. The refurbishment plan is handled by the design organization. This document should contain all information about the future system, technical solutions and calculations.
4. A completed redevelopment project requires approval from the authorities from which the specifications were received, as well as the fire service and SES authorities.

What to do when permission is received

If everything was done correctly and you managed to get a positive response, the next step will be to purchase equipment and conclude an agreement with an organization that will install autonomous heating.