Pond plants, or aquatic crops, are widely used both to decorate any artificial pond in the garden and for home ponds. In order to choose the right vegetation for a small or fairly voluminous one, you need to know the basic botanical features of such crops.

Differences and features of aquatic plants for decorating and cleaning a pond

Ponds and rivers are not only an integral element of modern design, but also an essential part of the ecological system of reservoirs, necessary to stabilize the balance of the ecosystem. The presence of higher plants that purify the waters of reservoirs is especially important for small-sized and stagnant mini-ponds, as it helps prevent “blooming” and turbidity. Such processes develop especially quickly in warm and sunny weather, and decomposing organic matter, unicellular algae and bacterial flora can make a pond in the yard or garden unsuitable for use. For the purpose of purification in this case, some higher aquatic plants are used that have certain characteristics and characteristics:

• the foliage of aquatic plants is characterized by a dissected, thread-like shape;
• the stem part is represented by air-bearing cavities;
• The root system is rather poorly developed.

Criteria for choosing plants for an artificial pond

If there is an artificial reservoir on the personal territory, it is necessary to take into account the total area and depth, as well as the characteristics of the surrounding landscape. It is advisable to give preference to the most unpretentious species that do not require special care.

• the ability of an ornamental crop to survive the winter in a body of water or soil near it;
• timing and methods of planting, as well as the durability of vegetation;
• need for care.

If the pond has a main perspective, then the plant composition should be arranged in such a way that vigorous vegetation does not obscure the view of the reservoir. It is better to decorate the recreation area with low-growing or ground cover crops. With a useful area of ​​four square meters, reeds, hogweeds, as well as angelica and rhubarb are used. Too small ponds are decorated with arrowhead, calamus, bracken, daylily and chastukha. The viewing part is decorated with low-growing cinquefoil, bergenia, marigold and.

A good result is achieved by the contrast of long-leaved plants: cattail, calamus, daylily and reeds and round-leaved water lily, lotuses, bergenia and chastuha. Peri-aquatic and aquatic flowers are also widely used. To ensure all-season flowering, such crops can be placed in decorative containers.

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Characteristics of the best plants for a pond

Absolutely all varieties and types of aquatic vegetation are representatives of the flora, capable of growing in the water column of not only natural, but also artificial ponds.

Aquatic floating on the surface

The foliage of such an ornamental crop floats on the surface. A characteristic difference is the lack of attachment of the root system to the soil. Above-water vegetation protects the water surface and thickness from overheating and uses organic compounds, which prevents the “blooming” of water. Floating plants can grow very quickly, so they need to be provided with quality care, including pruning and timely removal of excess shoots. Growing in special floating baskets gives good results.

Near-water (coastal)

Coastal perennials are also very popular when decorating ponds. In order for the vegetation of the reservoir to look interesting and attractive, the coastal area also needs to be designed accordingly, as a result of which moisture-loving crops planted on the shore will serve as a connecting link.

All sorts of decorative cereal crops look organic and very picturesque on the coastal zone, as well as flowering daylilies and irises, leopards, meadowsweet, loosestrife and valerian. They look incredibly elegant.

Swamp

Important to remember, that in order to prevent marsh perennials from growing too much, it is necessary to periodically remove the plantings from the floor.

The qualitative characteristics of water affect the growth and development of flora, so the reservoir must be cleaned regularly. This category includes sedge Magellan, burberry, butterwort, crowberry, vaccinium and marsh violet.

Oxygenators

A significant part of such perennials, useful from the point of view of the ecosystem, are in the water, and the flowers are above or below the water. They help prevent water pollution and also serve as food and spawning grounds for fish.

Underwater foliage absorbs mineral salts and carbon dioxide. Several plants planted at the bottom of the pond in spring and summer can significantly improve the appearance and condition of the pond water.

deep sea

The root system is located in the bottom soil, the foliage is on the surface of the water, and the flowers are on the surface or above the water. Some deep-sea crops can purify water, and their absence can cause uncontrolled proliferation of algae and bacteria.

Most often, this group of decorative perennials is represented by marsh flower or nymphaeum, water lily, yellow capsule, eichornia, watercolor, hornwort and duckweed.

Planting rules and design features of various types of reservoirs

In reservoirs that are small in volume and size, it is necessary to plant a couple of species of plants of each type, distributing them in small groups:

• deep-sea and floating vegetation should cover no more than half of the entire water surface;
• It is important to plant aquatic plants according to their adaptability to certain depth indicators;
• When planting marsh ornamental crops, drainage is mandatory.

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The design of reservoirs can consist of a soil or container method of cultivation and planting, carried out in the following sequence:

• After draining, add ten centimeters of fertile soil substrate, represented by compost, sand and rotted mullein, to the bottom after draining;
• coastal tall vegetation needs to be planted closer to the shore, and deep-water crops are planted in the central part;
• the bottom surface should be sprinkled with a five-centimeter layer of medium-grained river sand, which serves to protect the root system and soil from erosion.

Heat-loving crops quite often freeze completely in winter, so it is advisable to dig them up and move them to storage. No less popular in our country is container cultivation of aquatic plants, which allows you to move them with the onset of severe cold weather in the cellars:

• for cultivation, a fairly spacious, lattice-type planting tank is used, which allows the root system to actively reproduce;
• It is best to use containers that are not brightly colored and will blend in with the surroundings;
• It is recommended to effectively protect the bottom and walls from washing out the nutrient substrate with burlap, and sprinkle the surface of the soil with gravel.

As a rule, all aquatic vegetation is planted from the last ten days of spring to mid-summer. You need to approach the design very carefully and responsibly.

Appearance of the reservoir	Recommended plants for decoration
Geometric Ponds	Perfectly suitable are common calamus, three-leaf watch, or meadow tea, loosestrife or weeping grass, dichromena latifolia, drooping isolepis, calamus or water iris, as well as sedge, syphilitic lobelia, long-leaved buttercup, manna major and obtuse marsilea
deep pond	When decorating, vigorous reeds, cattails, reeds, buzulnik and Rogersia are used, as well as low-growing bergenia and funkia or beautifully flowering snake knotweed and marsh iris
Mini-ponds and shallow waters	Plants such as calamus, calamus, sedge or manna are characterized by a high level of unpretentiousness and vitality, therefore they grow well even in conditions of significant fluctuations in water level, and for some time even in its complete absence
Pond with decorative fountain	For decoration, you can use water hyacinths, dwarf varieties of water lilies. It is recommended to decorate the coastline with mantle, gravitate, cuckoo flower, low-growing irises, twisted rush or swamp forget-me-nots

Of course, on large bodies of water you can diversify the design and plant a significant number of plants. Spring flowering opens with cinquefoil, marigold and bergenia, followed by angelica and hogweed, and the parade of colors is completed by brown-yellow daylilies, marshmallow and angelica. However, even small ponds can look very attractive. Experts advise combining the cultivation of several types of aquatic and terrestrial plants, which allows you to get the most decorative results.

Plants for the pond: varieties (video)

Pond plants: types and names

A well-designed pond will decorate a suburban area. Pond plants, planted in the depths or bordering the coast, create a unique atmosphere of peace and tranquility.

Types of aquatic plants for the pond

Aquatic plants are not just relief decoration. Properly selected species purify the water and prevent algae from growing.

When choosing plants for a pond, they adhere to the principle of harmony. Miniature species are planted in the foreground of the coast, shrubs or herbaceous varieties are planted behind, and flowering representatives of the flora are planted in the center of the reservoir.

Source: Depositphotos

Pond plants will decorate it and purify the water.

Aquatic plants are divided into:

• to deep-sea ones, among which beautifully flowering species predominate;
• floating on the surface, serving as a natural decoration of the reservoir. Such plants absorb organic substances dissolved in water and are necessary for ecological balance. Floating plants are planted in small quantities so as not to cover the water surface;
• oxygen generators that convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. As a result of the absorption of minerals, plants prevent algae from multiplying, and the pond remains clean longer.

When planting, the ability of plants to develop in conditions of high humidity is taken into account, so less adapted species are placed on dry soil.

Names of plants for the pond

The king of ponds is considered to be the lotus - a beautifully flowering plant with roots immersed to a depth of 40 cm. Large flowers are painted white, pink or burgundy and move freely along the surface of the reservoir.

Among the oxygen generators used in pond design are the outwardly inconspicuous hornwort, urut, and elodea. Underwater inhabitants of reservoirs - fish, frogs and other amphibians - feed on pondweed inflorescences.

Water chestnut, butternut squash, and azola floating on the surface of the water can grow in sunny and shaded areas.

Don't forget about the coastal area of ​​the pond. Calamus, reeds, cattails, ferns, beautifully flowering daylilies and leopards look best here. Moist soil near water bodies is suitable for these species. Small white inflorescences of marsh chastukha open in the afternoon and look gorgeous in a dry bouquet. Cattail and reed are natural water purifiers.

Shading the foliage of tall species keeps the surface of the pond cool during the hot summer months, while oxygen generators and floating plants keep the water clean.

An unusual plant - Trapa natans - is a representative of the fireweed family and is considered a native of southern European reservoirs. In other words, it is also called floating bagel, devil's nut, chilim, water chestnut. Let's look together at all the features of this extraordinary plant and the intricacies of its aquarium maintenance.

In Russia, it can also often be found in the south of the European part, but there is a known case when this plant was found in Anufrievo Lake near Moscow. In addition, chilim is found in the Far East, and sometimes in Siberia.

In addition to the European variety of chilim, in nature there are its relatives from Asia:

• Trapa bicornis;
• T. bispinosa.

Their difference lies in the shape of the fruit, which has only two horns, and the number of rosettes - the Asian one has several.

In addition, one of the named representatives of the Asian flora germinates more easily, so it is more often found on sale.

What kind of floating bagel is he?

This annual plant with a thin, long, creeping stem at the base is held in the ground by a brownish branched root.

On the stem, reaching 3-5 meters in length, have underwater leaves - linear, opposite - and those that float on the surface of the water, collected in a rosette.

Sheet Chilima has a diamond shape with teeth along the edge. Its petioles have cavities filled with air, due to which the rosette floats on the water. The rich green leaves of Trapa natans in summer turn orange or red in autumn.

Bloom in water chestnut occurs in July. It can please the eye with pink or white single four-petal flowers with a diameter of 0.8-1 cm, which are located in the axils of the upper leaves.

Fruit- nuts, large and heavy, ripen by mid-autumn. They are an intricately shaped bone of a dark brown color, on which there are distinct outgrowths, shaped like horns. As a rule, there are four of them. The contents of the seed are a white seed, quite tasty and nutritious.

This seed can germinate many years after ripening.

To keep ripe nuts afloat, the plant increases the capacity of the air petiole cavities. If the nut was not found and picked, then after the leaves and stem decompose in the autumn water, it sinks to the bottom and, with the help of its horns, is firmly attached to the bottom soil.

How does Trapa natans grow in nature and where is it used?

A nut that has fallen to the bottom awakens in the spring and sprouts. The resulting cotyledon develops into a stem with a root, which is fixed on the bottom soil.

When the water level of a reservoir rises in the spring, the root may come off the bottom, and the plant will be in a floating position until it touches again. Once this happens, the plant will finally take root at the bottom.

Chilim expands its presence in different lakes, ponds and streams, often with the help of animals that come to drink in the reservoir where this plant grows. The nut is attached to the animal’s fur with its outgrowths and in this way moves to another lake or river.

The preferred place for the water chestnut to grow is in small well-warmed bodies of water with slowly flowing or standing water. One plant can produce up to 10-15 nuts. The latter are highly valued for their nutritional value and medicinal properties; they are consumed as food. IN

In Russia, this plant in former times was quite common in nature, its fruits were sold in markets.

But today, natural plantations of chilim have decreased significantly; it is listed in the Red Book as an endangered plant species.

In Japan, China, some African countries, as well as in Sri Lanka, floating bagel is grown artificially for food purposes.

We grow chilim in a home pond

The horned water chestnut Trapa natans is suitable for planting in large freshwater. The most suitable place for it is near the side walls or in the background of the tank. Chilim is propagated by seeds.

If you become the owner of a water chestnut, for example, you found it in a lake, then you can try to grow this plant in a home pond. It is better to do this in the spring in accordance with the biorhythm of the plant. In order for the bagel to germinate, you need to create optimal conditions for it:

• pour some water into a small container with sludge and place the nut there;
• maintain the temperature of water and indoor air within +23-+25°C;
• We provide bright, diffuse lighting.

Having completed all of the above, we wait for the germination of the bagel fruit within three weeks.

Before planting a nut in the ground, to be more confident in the success of the plant, you can dip the plant in camphor alcohol for a while or carefully remove a fragment of the shell from the growing point.

When chilim is successfully germinated, a sprout first appears, and then everything happens as in nature. When your plant develops its first floating leaves, it should be planted in a pre-prepared pot with a strictly defined soil composition, which includes sand, fatty clay, and silt.

After this, place the pot with the Trapa natans seedling in the aquarium, providing overhead diffused lighting. If you do not follow these subtleties, the result will be unhappy: you will get a stunted, non-viable plant. If you have fulfilled all the requirements for proper planting, a month has passed, and the nut showed no signs of life, then it was initially unsuitable for germination.

In an aquarium where chilim grows, temperatures should vary between 18-25°C. He, as in nature, loves good diffused lighting throughout the day.

The plant reacts to a lack of illumination in a reservoir in a very unique way - it stretches its leaves vertically upward. When light is added, he again lays out the leaves on the surface of the water.

Contamination of the aquarium water and the soil of the reservoir is not indifferent to the water fly, so you should systematically change the water by a quarter of the container.

What are the benefits of nuts in folk medicine?

It has long been noted that chilim has:

• diuretic;
• antiseptic and antibacterial;
• antiviral, antitumor and other medicinal properties.

Without subjecting the fruit to heat treatment, it is also used in the treatment of kidney diseases, disorders of male sexual function and dyspepsia.

To prevent respiratory infections and as a general tonic, you should eat one or two fruits of rogulnik three times a day or take 1-2 tablespoons of infusion from its green part - leaves, flowers and stems. For vision problems, use freshly squeezed juice of the plant. Chilim green juice is also effective when used externally:

• gargling to relieve inflammation;
• lubricating insect bites.

As you can see, such a useful plant is worthy of trying to grow it in a home pond.

A decorative pond is often associated with a decorated shoreline and water lilies, although in fact there are a huge variety of plants that can decorate and complement the surface of the water. Moreover, if you correctly select the “inhabitants” of a decorative pond, then the pond can become the highlight of a summer cottage, which does not require constant maintenance.

Oxygenating plants (underwater)

Almost all oxygenating plants do not perform decorative functions, but at the same time they are the most important “residents” of the reservoir. After all, it is thanks to these plants that a decorative pond can remain clean and well-groomed without additional effort.

Often the leaves, flowers and stems of these plants are underwater and only occasionally appear on the surface, which is why they are often called underwater. The purpose of the “underwater rescuers” is to absorb carbon dioxide and normalize the oxygen balance in their habitat.

The most popular representatives of oxygen generators:

• Autumn swamp

Autumn marshweed is a perennial herbaceous plant that is partially or entirely submerged in water, with only small light green leaves visible above the surface. The swampweed propagates in spring or summer using cuttings.

• Uru spica

Uru spica is a perennial aquatic herbaceous plant with thin branching stems of reddish or brown color. Urut reproduces very quickly and is capable of displacing other plants, forming dense clusters.

• Hornwort dark green

Dark green hornwort is a long-stemmed plant with needle-like green leaves and a reddish stem. Hornwort grows very quickly and is very unpretentious. Propagated by simply dividing the stem, just take a very small piece.

Plants floating on the surface

A characteristic feature of floating plants is the leaves and stems that are located on the surface of the water. These plants are an indispensable protection from the sun; they prevent the development of blue-green algae and help create a stable temperature regime in a decorative pond.

In addition to “rescue” functions, plants living on the surface perform decorative functions. As a rule, these plants have beautiful wide leaves and bright, showy flowers.

The most popular representatives of these species:

• Azolla

Azolla is a beautiful aquatic plant of the genus of floating ferns. Its small paired leaves float on the surface of the water, forming large colonies, which in the warm season can grow to significant sizes in just a few weeks.

• Watercolor

Vodokras is a perennial plant with creeping stems and medium-sized white flowers. Sand or fine silted gravel 4-5 cm thick is suitable as a soil for watercolor. This perennial is propagated by planting seeds and cuttings of rhizomes. It is recommended to plant it in an unshaded place or in partial shade.

• water chestnut

Water chestnut or chilim is a rather rare annual aquatic plant today, listed in the Red Book. Propagation and planting are very simple - just throw chilim nuts into the required place with a suitable depth. If there is not enough fertile soil in the reservoir, then the nuts are planted in containers and then heated. An important condition for the existence of an aquatic plant is the absence of large mollusks that eat the leaves of the rogulnik.

• Wolfia

Wolfia is one of the smallest flowering plants, characterized by green elliptical formations (no more than 1 mm in diameter). This small plant requires good lighting, but at the same time it must be protected from direct sunlight. Wolfia is not picky about temperature and water hardness, but does need a little water movement.

• Duckweed

Duckweed, along with reeds, is one of the most common aquatic plants. Duckweed looks like a cluster of small leaves floating on the surface of the water. Duckweed lives in well-lit standing or slowly flowing water bodies. The only maintenance that should be emphasized is the periodic catching of part of the duckweed population, since it grows very quickly. Duckweed reproduces vegetatively and, as mentioned above, very quickly.

• Water hyacinth

Water hyacinth is a flowering aquatic plant, distinguished by large oval-shaped leaves and large inflorescences slightly similar to the flowers of garden hyacinth. Water hyacinth prefers bodies of water with good lighting and high water temperatures due to its tropical origin. Under good living conditions, it can reproduce so quickly that it begins to displace other plants from the reservoir, leaving them without oxygen.

Deep sea plants

Most of these plants do well when planted to a depth of 2 meters. The best option for cultivating deep-sea plants is to plant them in special containers that are placed at the bottom of the reservoir. When choosing suitable flowers, you should take into account the frost resistance of the plant; this or that flower will be able to overwinter in a decorative pond.

• Lotus

Lotus is an incredibly beautiful herbaceous amphibian plant that can grow for several years thanks to its massive root, in which it accumulates useful substances. The lotus owes its popularity to its large cream, yellow or pink flowers.

Lotus can be propagated either by seeds or by rhizomes. Moreover, in the second case, the lotus may bloom the next season. When planting a lotus, you should remember that this flower loves clean water, so it is better to sprinkle the bottom of the reservoir with small pebbles and do not forget about periodically cleaning the water. In the spring, if the lotus has grown, it must be pruned, first removing old and dying flowers and leaves.

• Aponogeton

Aponogeton is a widespread rhizomatous aquatic plant with large lancet-shaped leaves. For development and inconspicuous flowering, this plant requires the water temperature in the reservoir to be at least 18°C, so it is often planted directly in the water in pots, and in the fall it is taken to the basement of the house for wintering.

• Kubyshka

Capsule is an aquarium ornamental aquatic plant of the water lily family. This type of water lily has a powerful root system, so the layer of soil at the bottom of the reservoir must be at least 7 cm. For full growth, the water lily needs two more things: good lighting and clean water. It is advisable to change the water at least 1-2 times a month, if it is an artificial reservoir, or install water purification filters and fill the bottom with pebbles to reduce the amount of turbidity in the water.

• Nymphaeum

Nymphaeum or marsh flower is a perennial deep-water plant that stands out for its height, which depends on the water level in the reservoir and can reach one meter. Flowers and green leaves resembling a water lily develop on a long stem. Marshflower flowers look more like buttercups and are collected in small clusters. The nympheater gives its preference to quiet, illuminated creeks and shallow reservoirs.

• Silkman

Mulberry belongs to the buttercup family and is often found in standing or slow-moving bodies of water. In artificial reservoirs it is often used to enrich water with oxygen; in addition, it adapts quite easily to life on land, which makes it very popular. Mulberry propagates vegetatively using stem segments.

Coastal plants

In order for the reservoir not to stand out from the overall design of the summer cottage, it is necessary to take care of a smooth transition between water and land; for this it is necessary to select plants that will decorate the coastline and help ensure access of oxygen under the ice crust in winter.

• Swampman

Perennial aquatic plant, very frost-resistant. The stems are immersed in water, thin, curved, branched. It grows in lakes, rivers and canals, prefers standing or slowly flowing water, but can also live in waterlogged soil - damp hollows and periodically flooded areas.

The swamp is very unpretentious. Light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy clay soils are suitable for cultivation. It requires a well-lit place, but on very hot days the plant can be shaded. For good growth, the soil depth when planting should be at least 15-20 cm.

• water pine

Being primarily a marsh plant, water pine grows well in shallow water, but can grow completely submerged. This plant is very unpretentious and winter-hardy. As a rule, it is planted in growth restrictors or in containers with any soil that can be immersed to a depth of 1 m. It grows equally well in the sun and in the shade.

• Iris

Some moisture-loving species of the Iris genus can grow in close proximity to water bodies. They are able to grow in shallow water and in the coastal zone on excessively moist soils. Most of them grow successfully when the rhizomes and lower parts of the stems are immersed in water. Moisture-loving species include Kaempfer's Iris and Siberian Iris.

• Marsh marigold

Marsh marigold is a beautiful primrose of bright yellow, orange or golden colors with a fleshy stem. The plant loves well-moistened soil, so it is ideal for planting near bodies of water. Marigold is very unpretentious in care: any fertile soil, almost any lighting (preferably partial shade) is suitable for it. Marigold reproduces by dividing the bush.

• Reed

Lake reed is one of the most common and unpretentious perennial aquatic plants of the sedge family. Reeds are planted in shallow water; propagation is usually carried out in early spring by dividing the rhizome. After planting, the plant requires plenty of watering and good lighting.

The water chestnut is called differently: chilim, rogulnik, devil's nut and water chestnut. The plant received the name “horn-shaped” due to the structural features of its fruits - on their mature drupes you can see curved hard outgrowths resembling the shape of horns. The prickly shells of this bizarre plant were even found in excavations during the interglacial period; therefore, it has been known to mankind since ancient times.

Getting to know the plant

The water chestnut belongs to the genus of flowering aquatic plants and belongs to the Derbennikov family. This plant was once classified as a separate member of the Waternut or Rogulnikov family; it is now considered a monotypic subfamily called Trapoideae.

An unusual plant lives in water. Flexible stems floating in it, like anchors, are attached to the bottom with the help of last year's nuts. If the water level rises, the water chestnut, without much difficulty, breaks away from the ground and sets off for free swimming until it once again reaches shallow water and gains a foothold there.

The bizarre leaves of the water chestnut resemble birch leaves in appearance and, arranged in a mosaic pattern thanks to petioles of varying lengths, form rosettes. As a result of this feature, you can see stars resembling openwork napkins on the surface of the water.

Inside the drupes there are very tasty white seeds with four curved hard horns, 2 - 2.5 cm in size.

The water chestnut grows in lakes, creeks, slow-flowing rivers, standing waters, and can even form thickets. You can meet it in Southeast Asia, Europe, and tropical Africa. In China and India, this plant is specially bred in swamps and lakes. Currently, it is listed in the Red Book of Russia, as it is on the verge of extinction. The surprising thing is that the seeds of this plant do not lose their germination capacity for 40–50 years.

Useful properties of water chestnut and its uses

All parts of the water chestnut contain flavonoids, carbohydrates, triterpenoids, various phenolic and nitrogen compounds, vitamins, tannins and mineral salts. The fruits contain 52% starch, 7.5% fat, 3% sugar, 15% proteins, carbohydrates and a rich set of microelements and vitamins. The calorie content of the fruit is 200 kcal.

Water chestnut seeds are incredibly tasty and healthy due to the huge amount of different nutrients they contain. History even knows of cases when this plant saved people from starvation. You can eat it boiled with salt or raw. The baked fruit tastes like roasted chestnuts. In addition, cereals and flour, all kinds of nutritious dishes and even confectionery products are made from water chestnut. And in a number of Asian countries, unusual fruits (fried and slightly salted) are served as a snack.

Water chestnut is also used in medicine. It is included in the drug against atherosclerosis - trapazide. In its fresh form, the miracle fruit is used in Japanese, Chinese and Tibetan medicine for dyspepsia, kidney diseases, impotence, and also as a diuretic and tonic. And in China and India, all parts of the extraordinary plant are used as a choleretic, diaphoretic, sedative, astringent, tonic, antispasmodic and fixative.

Fresh juice of flowers and leaves, in addition to being a good remedy for the treatment of eye diseases, also serves as an antiseptic for various tumors, leucorrhoea, gonorrhea, as well as for bites of almost any insects and snakes. Water chestnut also exhibits a pronounced antiviral effect and, under adverse conditions, significantly increases the body’s resistance.

How to plant and grow

It is enough to throw the nuts into the pond at the desired depth. The reservoir should be frost-free, with a fairly thick layer of good fertile soil. If there is no soil in the reservoir, the nuts, after planting them in containers, are drowned along with them. You can also sow nuts in small pots filled with sludge, and then place them in the warmest part of the reservoir to a depth of 10 - 15 cm. Seed germination and plant development begin when the water warms up to 25 - 30 degrees. As soon as floating leaves appear on the grown specimens, the plants are moved to a depth of 1 m. In winter, you can store the nuts in a jar of water in the refrigerator; with the onset of spring, they will begin to germinate in any case.

You should pay attention to the fact that in the reservoir chosen for placing the water chestnut there are no pond snails and coils - these large mollusks feast on its young leaves with pleasure.